No the petty bourgeoisie often do hire workers to supplement their own labour. The bourgeoisie own the major means of production and live by extracting surplus value from wage labor, they do not need to work themselves. Petty bourgeoisie own small-scale means of production (a shop, a workshop, a plot of land) and still rely on their own labor, however often employing workers to supplement their labour.

In periods of socialist momentum, the petty bourgeoisie frequently become the most zealous allies of reaction because their precarious ownership of small-scale means of production places them in direct fear of expropriation and descent into the proletariat. Unlike the bourgeoisie, who may calculate accommodation with a rising revolutionary order, the petty bourgeois sees their individual livelihood, status, and slim hope of advancement threatened by collective transformation; this material anxiety drives them to support reactionary and often fascist forces that promise to defend private property and social “order” against the working class. Their reaction is not an ideological accident but class instinct: when the choice appears to be between losing their small capital or joining the stable exploiters, many choose reaction striving to join the exploiters.

No reserves are not active combatants unless called upon just like in every country that has reservese (I can’t think of one that doesn’t). And even if it did the law itself as written is perfectly inline with international norms the fact they have universal conscription or a possible large reserve force doesn’t change that.

This isn’t relevant anyway the fact is the laws you posted are seemingly entirely normal laws that are common around the world, and you were wrong that they aren’t allowed to travel abroad by the government.

Universal conscription doesn’t mean what you seem to think it means. It’s simply a mandatory service term, not permanent combatant status. Much like in the ROK, Thailand, etc., eligible citizens serve a set period then return to civilian life, they aren’t subject to surrender laws before or after their term.

Surrender specifically is a combatant concept (defecting and espionage are not), non-combatants don’t surrender under military law, they migrate or seek asylum. E.g. to surrender you must be a combatant in this case an active service member.

No that’s not at all what I said.

I know you didn’t ask but 3 and 4 seem normal to me defecting during wartime and espionage are punished everywhere on Earth for a reason it makes them no better or worse than any other country.

As for surrender I have a feeling it’s a purposely unflattering translation whose real meaning is likely more inline with international norms such as

Article 99 of the UCMJ

Section 2 of the Armed Forces Act 2006

Section 74 of the National Defence Act

Section 15 of the Defence Force Discipline Act 1982

Section 34 of the Army Act 1950

and so on.

Take, for example, the claim that North Koreans are permitted to leave the country.

They absolutely are. I met more than one during my many years in university.

betraying the State and escaping

You very clearly misread this. It’s a crime to commit treason and then escape. AND. “escaping” to another country is not a crime.

While generally true that people rarely argue from the position of being a freethinker as a vocal core of their argument. What is not rare, however, is the habit of many calling anyone who points out that English sphere narratives about the DPRK are manufactured nonsense brainwashed. To label someone brainwashed on a given issue rests on the presupposition that you yourself are not. It assumes you operate as a free thinker. This posture persists even while their views align almost entirely with propaganda generated and circulated by the imperialist hegemon against an ideological enemy they remain at war with. Claiming intellectual immunity while repeating hegemonic talking points with little to no evidence (The core of the joke.).

Typical chauvinist

Why can’t you people just vouch for Scandinavian democratic socialism? It’s clearly the only thing that’s working in this fucked world.

Probably because they fund their social democracy through pillaging the third world. Or the fact it does nothing to address the root issues of modern society (imperialism and the contradictions of capital). Among other issues.

rounded up the others to harass, torture, and deport (maybe to their birth country, maybe to a gulag, who knows) like this guy

How much was ICE funding raised under Obama and Biden? How many extra ICE agents did they higher? How many camps did they build? It didn’t all materialize into existence under Trump you historically illiterate idiot. Kids in cages only matter to you people when its the red team doing it it’s crazy.

I’m thinking this level of cruelty is a 100-year problem, and that anyone else on the planet except another craven dictator would’ve been a better choice.

The people of Libya, Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia etc. and those who remained in Guantanamo (which the deporter in chief lied about planning to close) would probably disagree with you. Trump is simply showing the true face of Amerikkka which is arguably better for the third world than the better planned imperialism with good pr to now.

This is a bunch of idiotic nonsense for one but more importantly does not address what I said at all.

Western hyper individualism is brain poison.

my government is evil and lies constantly but of course I believe everything they say about their enemies

Ukrainian genocide

If you mean the “Holodomor” all I can say is holocaust denial through double genocide theory is still holocaust denial.

If you mean the current war then I don’t even have words for how out of touch with reality you must be.

fooled people into giving the neo-nazis a casus beli that is threatening to delete the Palestinian people from history

Because the history of this struggle started on October 7th in your mind. You are a fucking idiot. Yes obviously hamas gave Israel the casus beli for the nakba despite not being founded for nearly 40 years after this, after Palestinians were put in concentration camps and the survivors being sent to the open air prison now called Gaza where cutting the grass is a common expression in Israel for their constant incursions and atrocities. You are ignorant beyond belief.

Why? The message you responded to was about Stalin not stopping in Berlin

This is nonsense the soviets didn’t even kill everyone who deserved to be killed not to mind this nosense of killing everyone they didn’t like. Yes capitalists and fascists shouldn’t be allowed run media that’s a pretty basic position I would hope. “Cutting every freedom”. Just say you exclusively read DW and have no idea what the fuck you’re talking about.

Fascist is when you support the most successfully antifascist force in history