The IMF can literally conjure any amount of money out of thin air whenever they feel like it wtf how have I never heard about this
And before you ask, yes, almost all money created goes straight into the coffers of western countries instead of to the global south
If you’re interested in the whole dollar hegemony structure the book Superimperialism lays it all out. I found it quite slow reading with a lot of economics concepts I wasn’t yet familiar with, but I think understanding the underlying structures of US imperialism is quite important.