There’s a Wikipedia article on French Americans, including colonial-era migrations, exchange with Canada, later arrivals (lots of French immigrants to California during the Gold Rush, for instance), etc.

Franco-Americans are less visible than other similarly sized ethnic groups and are relatively uncommon when compared to the size of France’s population, or to the numbers of German, Italian, or English Americans. This is partly due to the tendency of Franco-American groups to identify more closely with North American regional identities such as French Canadian, Acadian, Brayon, Louisiana French (Cajun, Creole) than as a coherent group, but also because emigration from France during the 19th century was low compared to the rest of Europe. Consequently, there is less of a unified French American identity as with other European American ethnic groups, and French descent is highly concentrated in Louisiana and New England. Nevertheless, the French presence has had an outsized impact on American toponyms.