Programming languages ranked by popularity in privacy software

I was bored, so I compiled a list of 77 of my favorite open-source privacy-focused software. This ranges from Android apps to desktop apps to websites to operating systems. I scraped the programming languages used for each one from their respective repositories, and created a simple scoring system to score each programming language.

Obviously there is some bias, since Kotlin is very popular for Android apps and not much else, and it’s not an exhaustive list, so some data might be off, but it was still fun to make! Just wanted to share it with all of you, in case anyone else finds it interesting.

The full ranking

Full ranking

C++
C
Kotlin
Java
JavaScript
TypeScript
Python
Shell
C#
Dart
PHP
Ruby
HTML
Makefile
Go
QML
Pascal
CSS
Clojure
Blade
Crystal
Batchfile
Swift
Emacs Lisp
Svelte
Rust
CMake
Haskell
Lua
Vue
Roff
XSLT
Assembly
NSIS
Objective-C
SCSS
Less
PLpgSQL
Objective-C++
Inno Setup
Meson
WebAssembly
ASL
PowerShell
Rich Text Format
GLSL
Common Lisp
Haml
Scheme
Dockerfile
Perl
AIDL
M4
Mustache
D
MDX
SourcePawn
M
Pug
Lex
EJS

Scores for each programming language

Language scores

C++: 13070

C: 11734

Kotlin: 7195

Java: 6727

JavaScript: 5356

TypeScript: 5002

Python: 4250

Shell: 1903

C#: 1873

Dart: 1872

PHP: 1844

Ruby: 1499

HTML: 1389

Makefile: 990

Go: 975

QML: 955

Pascal: 917

CSS: 888

Clojure: 878

Blade: 832

Crystal: 738

Batchfile: 708

Swift: 577

Emacs Lisp: 556

Svelte: 366

Rust: 351

CMake: 342

Haskell: 326

Lua: 300

Roff: 268

XSLT: 176

Assembly: 167

NSIS: 130

Objective-C: 128

SCSS: 90

Less: 77

PLpgSQL: 66

Objective-C++: 61

Inno Setup: 59

Meson: 41

WebAssembly: 25

ASL: 22

PowerShell: 21

Rich Text Format: 21

GLSL: 18

Common Lisp: 16

Haml: 14

Scheme: 13

Dockerfile: 12

Perl: 12

AIDL: 11

M4: 7

Mustache: 7

D: 5

MDX: 5

SourcePawn: 2

M: 2

Pug: 2

Lex: 1

EJS: 1

The original data

(NOTE: I am NOT looking for criticism on any choices made here)

Original data

HuggingChat

TypeScript 62.1%

Svelte 36.6%

Dockerfile 0.4%

JavaScript 0.4%

HTML 0.2%

Shell 0.1%

Other 0.2%

GPT4ALL

C++ 48.2%

QML 32.3%

Python 8.5%

CMake 5.4%

JavaScript 3.9%

C 1.0%

Other 0.7%

Audacity

C 37.6%

C++ 35.3%

Python 18.1%

Shell 2.8%

Common Lisp 1.6%

QML 1.3%

Other 3.3%

Duplicati

C# 87.3%

JavaScript 5.7%

HTML 3.2%

Less 1.8%

Python 1.2%

Shell 0.4%

Other 0.4%

Vorta

Python 99.2%

Other 0.8%

Filen (Desktop)

TypeScript 96.3%

JavaScript 2.1%

HTML 1.2%

NSIS 0.4%

Monero

C++ 81.7%

C 11.7%

Python 3.2%

CMake 2.0%

Makefile 0.5%

Shell 0.4%

Other 0.5%

Ivy Wallet

Kotlin 99.7%

Other 0.3%

Brasero

C 98.1%

Makefile 1.5%

Other 0.4%

VSCodium

Shell 83.8%

XSLT 16.0%

PowerShell 0.2%

GNU Emacs

Emacs Lisp 55.6%

Roff 23.8%

C 16.4%

M4 0.7%

Objective-C 0.6%

C++ 0.5%

Other 2.4%

GitLab

Ruby 69.2%

JavaScript 17.3%

Vue 6.8%

PLpgSQL 2.9%

Haml 1.4%

HTML 0.9%

Other 1.5%

Codeberg

Clojure 87.8%

Shell 3.9%

CSS 2.3%

HTML 2.2%

Batchfile 2.2%

PowerShell 1.0%

Other 0.6%

Wikipedia (MediaWiki)

PHP 82.7%

JavaScript 15.3%

Less 1.1%

CSS 0.8%

HTML 0.1%

Vue 0.0%

7-Zip

C++ 79.3%

C 17.6%

Assembly 1.6%

Makefile 1.5%

PeaZip

Pascal 91.7%

Inno Setup 5.9%

Batchfile 1.8%

C++ 0.4%

Shell 0.1%

C 0.1%

qBittorrent

C++ 71.0%

JavaScript 14.1%

HTML 11.5%

Python 1.1%

CSS 0.8%

CMake 0.7%

Other 0.8%

osu!

C# 100.0%

2048

CSS 54.9%

JavaScript 38.1%

HTML 6.5%

Ruby 0.5%

Wireshark

C 95.2%

C++ 2.4%

Python 1.1%

Perl 0.3%

CMake 0.3%

SourcePawn 0.2%

Other 0.5%

nmap

C 38.0%

Lua 29.0%

C++ 17.3%

Shell 4.6%

Python 4.3%

Makefile 1.9%

Other 4.9%

VirtualBox

C 67.2%

C++ 25.2%

Python 2.8%

Objective-C 1.7%

Assembly 1.4%

D 0.5%

Other 1.2%

Docker

Go 97.5%

Shell 1.5%

Dockerfile 0.5%

PowerShell 0.3%

Makefile 0.1%

Python 0.1%

calibre

Python 79.2%

C 17.1%

C++ 2.8%

HTML 0.3%

Shell 0.2%

XSLT 0.1%

Other 0.3%

Thunderbird

JavaScript 60.5%

C++ 21.5%

HTML 6.6%

CSS 3.8%

C 1.8%

Java 1.7%

Other 4.1%

Betterbird

Batchfile 66.5%

C 18.3%

C++ 10.1%

Shell 5.1%

draw.io (Desktop)

JavaScript 96.0%

Shell 4.0%

Joplin

TypeScript 71.4%

JavaScript 22.3%

HTML 1.9%

CSS 1.3%

Java 1.2%

Mustache 0.7%

Other 1.2%

LibreOffice

C++ 86.6%

Java 5.5%

Python 1.8%

Makefile 1.6%

XSLT 1.5%

Rich Text Format 1.4%

Other 1.6%

Proton Mail (Web)

TypeScript 92.1%

JavaScript 5.2%

SCSS 1.5%

MDX 0.5%

Swift 0.4%

CSS 0.1%

Other 0.2%

F-Droid

Java 65.3%

Kotlin 33.1%

Other 1.6%

Aurora Store

Kotlin 96.8%

Java 2.8%

AIDL 0.4%

Neo-Store

Kotlin 100.0%

Obtainium

Dart 98.7%

Other 1.3%

Droid-ify

Kotlin 99.6%

Shell 0.4%

IzzyOnDroid

PHP 97.2%

Python 2.5%

Shell 0.3%

Accrescent

Kotlin 100.0%

GNOME Software

C 97.0%

Meson 1.2%

Python 1.1%

Other 0.7%

Flathub

TypeScript 74.0%

Python 24.2%

JavaScript 1.1%

Shell 0.4%

SCSS 0.2%

Dockerfile 0.1%

SearXNG

Python 74.7%

Shell 9.9%

HTML 6.1%

Less 4.8%

JavaScript 2.7%

CSS 0.9%

Other 0.9%

GrapheneOS

Makefile 87.1%

C++ 11.3%

Shell 1.6%

GNOME

C 97.3%

Meson 2.3%

Python 0.4%

KDE Plasma

C++ 45.6%

QML 41.2%

C 5.5%

CMake 2.3%

Python 2.2%

JavaScript 1.9%

Other 1.3%

Arch Linux

C 98.4%

Assembly 0.7%

Shell 0.4%

Python 0.2%

Makefile 0.2%

Perl 0.1%

HeliBoard

Java 45.4%

C++ 34.7%

Kotlin 19.2%

Other 0.7%

Blender

C++ 76.3%

Python 14.6%

C 5.0%

GLSL 1.8%

CMake 1.2%

Objective-C++ 1.0%

Other 0.1%

FreeCAD

C++ 52.7%

Python 44.5%

C 1.5%

CMake 0.8%

NSIS 0.2%

Lex 0.1%

Other 0.2%

Krita

C++ 90.2%

Python 3.0%

C 2.3%

CMake 1.6%

HTML 0.7%

Rich Text Format 0.7%

Other 1.5%

GIMP

C 95.5%

Scheme 1.3%

Python 1.1%

C++ 0.7%

Meson 0.6%

Perl 0.4%

Other 0.4%

Flameshot

C++ 87.8%

CMake 5.8%

Shell 3.3%

Python 1.7%

Roff 1.1%

C 0.2%

Other 0.1%

Inkscape

C++ 94.1%

C 1.7%

CMake 1.5%

HTML 1.4%

Python 0.3%

Aegis

Java 96.0%

HTML 2.1%

Roff 1.9%

VeraCrypt

C 68.8%

C++ 19.0%

Assembly 10.0%

Shell 1.1%

Makefile 0.5%

Batchfile 0.3%

Other 0.3%

KeePassXC

C++ 95.1%

CMake 2.2%

Shell 1.5%

PowerShell 0.6%

Objective-C++ 0.4%

Python 0.1%

Other 0.1%

KeePassDX

Kotlin 79.0%

C 14.0%

Java 4.1%

Assembly 2.6%

C++ 0.2%

Ruby 0.1%

addy.io

Blade 83.2%

JavaScript 5.2%

Vue 4.8%

PHP 4.5%

CSS 2.3%

Mullvad VPN

Rust 35.1%

Swift 26.2%

Kotlin 19.5%

TypeScript 13.2%

C++ 2.8%

Shell 1.8%

Other 1.4%

Alovoa

Java 82.7%

HTML 9.8%

JavaScript 3.6%

CSS 2.8%

Other 1.1%

Briar

Java 98.0%

Kotlin 1.9%

Other 0.1%

SimpleX Chat

Haskell 32.6%

Kotlin 32.3%

Swift 26.9%

HTML 2.2%

TypeScript 1.4%

JavaScript 1.1%

Other 3.5%

Medito

Dart 88.5%

Kotlin 8.0%

Ruby 2.0%

Swift 0.7%

CMake 0.2%

C++ 0.2%

Other 0.4%

coreboot

C 94.4%

ASL 2.2%

Makefile 1.0%

C++ 0.7%

Assembly 0.4%

Perl 0.4%

Other 0.9%

Libreboot

Shell 51.5%

Python 25.1%

C 22.2%

Makefile 1.2%

OpenStreetMap

Ruby 78.1%

HTML 8.7%

JavaScript 6.9%

PLpgSQL 3.7%

SCSS 1.2%

C++ 0.7%

Other 0.7%

OsmAnd

Java 95.3%

Kotlin 3.9%

AIDL 0.7%

CSS 0.1%

Shell 0.0%

XSLT 0.0%

Organic Maps

C++ 71.0%

C 7.5%

Java 6.1%

Swift 3.5%

Objective-C++ 3.1%

Python 2.9%

Other 5.9%

VLC Media Player

C 62.6%

C++ 18.9%

Objective-C 8.3%

QML 3.1%

Makefile 1.6%

Lua 1.0%

Other 4.5%

Stremio (Desktop)

C++ 36.7%

QML 17.6%

NSIS 12.4%

JavaScript 10.7%

Shell 9.1%

CMake 4.1%

Other 9.4%

OBS Studio

C 54.6%

C++ 34.7%

CMake 6.1%

Objective-C 2.2%

Objective-C++ 1.6%

M 0.2%

Other 0.6%

NewPipe

Java 84.0%

Kotlin 13.5%

HTML 2.5%

FreeTube

JavaScript 68.5%

Vue 17.2%

CSS 11.2%

SCSS 3.0%

EJS 0.1%

Invidious

Crystal 73.8%

HTML 13.9%

JavaScript 8.2%

CSS 2.6%

Shell 1.1%

Makefile 0.2%

Dockerfile 0.2%

PeerTube

TypeScript 89.7%

HTML 6.5%

SCSS 3.1%

Shell 0.4%

Pug 0.2%

JavaScript 0.1%

Tubular

Java 84.6%

Kotlin 13.0%

HTML 2.4%

Mullvad Browser

JavaScript 28.1%

C++ 25.7%

HTML 22.3%

C 12.4%

Python 2.8%

Tor Browser

JavaScript 28.2%

C++ 25.6%

HTML 22.3%

C 12.4%

Python 2.9%

uBlock Origin

JavaScript 88.4%

CSS 4.9%

HTML 3.4%

WebAssembly 2.5%

Shell 0.6%

Python 0.1%

Makefile 0.1%